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When sparring, contact to the back is illegal and will draw a warning or possible disqualification. Two reasons for this are the kidneys and the spine. A ruptured kidney could lead to death if not treated quickly, but, with treatment, you would probably recover with no further problems. However, depending on the location of the fracture, a fracture to the spine could result in serious problems, some of which may be permanent. In a life or death, self-defense situation, the spine may be a valid target. The effects of a strike to the spine will depend on  where it is struck, the force of the strike, and the severity of the injury.

The spine is divided into four segments, with the coccyx (tail bone) at the base:

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacrum

Each disk in a segment and its associated nerves is named with a letter-number combination.

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